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Analysis of Results - Our Doty-Doten Heritage
(Updated March 1, 2009)
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In the paragraphs below, we describe the results to
date of the Doty-Doten Y-DNA Project as they pertain to our Doty-Doten
heritage within the last 400 years. the results to date of our Y-DNA Project as
they pertain to our Doty-Doten heritage within the last 400 years.
For an analysis of our results as they pertain to our more
distant past, please click on
Analysis of Results – Our Deep Ancestral Roots.
To see all our test results in one table, please go to
Y-DNA Test Results.
For a brief explanation of Y-DNA tests and their interpretation, please click on
Y-DNA Primer
Y-DNA Haplotype Results As noted elsewhere, 55 of our participants have
received their full 37-marker Y-DNA test results.
Based on these results, we have broken our participants into
three major Groups. Group I is made up of 41 persons whose test results
are quite similar, and they all appear to be representative of Doty DNA.
In Group II we have 3 individuals whose DNA signatures are quite
similar to each other, but quite different than those of the
participants in Group I.
Finally, in Group III there are 11 individuals whose test results do not
closely match the results of anyone in either Group I or Group II; nor
do the results of any member of Group III match the results of the
others. Before discussing the test results in detail, one point should be made very clear. We said in the preceding paragraph when referring to individuals in Group I that the results appeared to be representative of Doty DNA. However, we did not identify the specific Doty that may have been the most recent common ancestor of all members of the Group. We simply do not have enough information as yet to name the most recent common ancestor of all of them with a meaningful degree of certainty. Some or all of the individuals in Group I may be direct male descendants of the Pilgrim Edward Doty. Some of the individuals in Group I could be direct male descendants of Edward’s brother if he had one, in which case the most recent common ancestor of the entire group would be Edward’s father. Some could be direct male descendants of Edward’s cousin or cousins if he had one or more, in which case the most recent common ancestor of the whole group would be Edward’s paternal grandfather. The point is that at this juncture we simply don’t know; we cannot yet identify the most recent common ancestor of every member of the Group. That is one of the major objectives we hope to achieve with our Project. Group I Results Looking now at Group I as shown in Table 1, you can see that we have divided it into five sub-groups. These sub-groups must be viewed as tentative at this time because sufficient information that would allow us to define specific relationships with certainty is simply not yet available. Recognizing this limitation, eachh of the sub-groups represents possible descendants of five of the Pilgrim Edward1 Doty’s six sons in probable birth date order: Edward2, John2, Samuel2, Isaac2 and Joseph2. As we have noted before, we probably will not get results for descendants of Edward1’s son Thomas2, because as far as we know, no direct male lines leading down from Thomas2 existed after four generations. Table 1
The first point to notice in Table 1 is that the
results are indeed quite similar among all 41 members of Group I.
Deviations from the most common, or modal, value at any
particular marker are minimal. (A
deviation of one repeat or mutation from the most common number of
repeats among participants with Doty DNA is highlighted in yellow, while
deviations of two repeats or more are highlighted in turquoise.
The same conventions are followed in Tables 2 & 3.)
The homogeneity of results that we see in the Table suggests
strongly that all 41 members of Group I are indeed related to each
other.
A second, though less reliable piece of evidence suggesting that all members of Group I are related to each other, is the very high set of values at the CDY markers near the right hand edge of the Table. Numbers at or near 40 for both markers, while by no means unique, are unusual. Having said that, these markers should not be used to identify the son from which any given participant is descendant, because both CDYa and CDYb are quite volatile; which is to say that they change quite often over time. Finally, a significant number of deviations from the most common value are apparent at markers 439. The differences at this marker are discussed further at some length in the paragraphs below under the Samuel2 sub-heading. Edward2 We would note that the participant who believes he is a descendant of Edward2 has values at all markers save one that are the same as the modal values for the 35 members of Group I as a whole. The one mutant value is at marker 570, and at this point we see no particular significance in that mutation. John2 We are suggesting that John2 is the likely progenitor of all 6 of the individuals whose DNA test results are shown in the second sub-grouping in Table 1. Our decision is based on the similarity of their test results, and on the fact that 5 of the 6 participants believe that they are descendants of John2 , and on the fact that two of the participants have proven their lineage back to John2 through traditional genealogical research. We would note, however, that the mutation shown by the second individual at marker 389-2 is shared by one of our participants in the Samuel2 sub-grouping. While such a coincidence is not unusual, it does at least raise a question about the way we have categorized one or both of these participants. Samuel2 The third sub-grouping is made up of participants who may be descendants of Samuel2. We would note that all 20 members of this Group show a value of 11 at marker 439, while no member of any of the other sub-groups shows that same result. Members of the Edward2, John2, Isaac2, and Joseph2 sub-groups all show a value of 12 at marker 439. T hese observations lead us to the conclusion that a mutation may have occurred in Samuel2’s DNA that did not occur in the DNA of any of his brothers. If true, we can conclude with a relatively high degree of certainty (1) that anyone with a test result of 11 at marker 439 is likely to be a descendant of Samuel2, and (2) that any descendant of Samuel2 will likely have a value of 11 at this marker.We would hasten to add, however, that the probability of these conclusions is not 100%. It is entirely possible that the same mutation that apparently occurred in the DNA of Samuel2 could have occurred in later generations in the lines of any of Samuel2 brothers, and it is conceivable that a further mutation at marker 439 could have occurred in a Samuel2 descendant leading to a reversion back to a value of 12 or to some other number. These observations illustrate the need for sound traditional genealogical research in addition to DNA testing when determining one’s true lineage, and in that regard we would note that two individuals in this sub-group have proven their lineage back to Samuel2 through such research.
Isaac2 We are suggesting that Isaac2 is most
likely the progenitor of the 6 individuals whose DNA test results are
shown in the fourth sub-group in Table 1.
We would note that one of these individuals has proven his line
back through Isaac2 to Edward1 using traditional
genealogical research methods, and that there is a perfect match between
the test results of 2 of the 6 individuals shown. Before going on, we would make one further observation with respect to the participants in this sub-group, and that is that one of them is a brother of a woman who wishes to prove her lineage back to the Pilgrim Edward Doty. (In the Joseph2 sub-group we have a first cousin of a woman who wishes to do the same thing.) We would like to encourage other women who believe they might be descendants of Edward1 Doty to follow the lead of these two women by having a close male relative of theirs with the Doty surname or one of its variants submit a sample of his DNA for testing. Joseph2 Participants who are shown as likely descendants of Joseph2 seem thus far to be a somewhat disparate group in terms of their test results. We cannot yet identify any one or two markers that might distinguish this sub-group from the others, and only 1 participant in this sub-group has proven his lineage back to Edward’s youngest son, Joseph2 using traditional genealogical research methods. Group II Results We turn now to the DNA test results of our participants in Group II. These results are shown in Table 2. Table 2
Here we have 3 individuals whose surname is Doty, but whose test results are so different from those of the individuals in Group I that we have to conclude that their Doty line does not go all the way back to Edward Doty of the Mayflower. It is clear, however, from their test results and from the traditional genealogical research they have done, that our 3 Group II participants are closely related to each other. What we have here is what would appear to be an example of a “non-paternal event” somewhere in the past in the lines of these three individuals. As we reported in our comments last year, we are delighted to say that we believe we have made significant progress in identifying (1) when a “non-paternal event” may have occurred in the line of these individuals, and (2) what the surname of their ancestors may have been before it was Doty. Specifically, it would appear (1) that one John7 Doty, apparently born in the late 1780’s, was probably not the biological son of a Dr. Ezra6 Doty as had always been presumed by the family; and (2) that the surname of the ancestors of the three individuals who make up Group II was almost certainly Dunham before it was Doty. We include this research here for three reasons.
Group III Results Finally, we have 11 participants in our Group III whose test results do not closely match the results of anyone in either Group I or Group II; nor do the results of each member of Group III match the results of the other members. The results of these 11 individuals are shown in Table 3. Table 3.
We would draw your attention in particular to the
fact (1) that the test results of the first individual in this Group are
identical to the results of some of the individuals in our Group I over
the first 25 markers, but (2) that they are very different over the
final 12 markers. Because
this finding is so unusual, we re-tested the Y-DNA of this participant.
(The occasional need for re-testing is one of the reasons for
including two swabs in the test kit, rather than just one. The results of the second test turned out to be identical with those of the original test. This outcome illustrates well the reason that we ask our participants to take the 37 rather than the 25-marker test. Concluding Comments It is clear from the above analysis that we have made great strides in a very short period of time in zeroing in on what might be the DNA signature of the Edward Doty who came to this country aboard the Mayflower in 1620, and that we have made good progress in beginning to distinguish between five of the male lines leading down from his six sons. It is also clear, however, that we have a long way to go if we are to achieve our primary objective of providing a reliable database of DNA signatures against which anyone could confidently compare their own DNA test results. To do that, we need many more participants and we must discover the true roots of Edward Doty.If your surname is Doty or one of its variants, or if you are a male with a surname other than Doty but believe you might have a direct male line back to Doty roots and you would like to help us achieve our objectives in addition to learning about your heritage in the process, we would encourage you to participate in our DNA Project. Males with the Doty surname may participate directly, while females must find a close male relative to submit a sample of his DNA. With greater participation and with continued efforts on our part to discover the true origins of the Pilgrim Edward Doty, we believe we will be able to provide a valuable service to you, to all who are or think they are descendant from the Pilgrim Edward Doty, and to members of many collateral families. To participate in our Doty-Doten Y-DNA Project:Go to the Doty-Doten project on the Family Tree DNA Website. • Scroll down the page to the order form, fill it out and click on “Submit”. That’s all there is to it. You will receive a test kit in the mail within a few days. |
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© 2002-2009 Pilgrim Edward Doty Society
Updated February 21, 2009